Taber's Medical Dictionary: Respiration

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b>Respiration</b></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(res″pĭ-rā′shŏn )</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #38761d; font-size: large;">1. The interchange of gases between an organism and the medium in which it lives. </span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #38761d; font-size: large;">2. The act of breathing (inhaling and exhaling) during which the lungs are provided with air through inhaling and the carbon dioxide is removed through exhaling. Normal respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs is impossible unless the pulmonary tissue is adequately perfused with blood.SEE: lung; SEE: ventilation.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #38761d; font-size: large;"><br /></span> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <a href="http://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/repview?type=539-30&name=R06" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="http://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/repview?type=539-30&name=R06" width="320" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #38761d; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cM7PEalJLCg" target="_blank">For video click here</a></b></span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #38761d; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #0b5394; font-size: x-large;">Abdominal Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Respiration in which chiefly the diaphragm exerts itself while the chest wall muscles are nearly at rest; used in normal, quiet breathing, and in pathological conditions such as pleurisy, pericarditis, and rib fracture. </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SYN: SEE: belly breathing; SEE: diaphragmatic respiration</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #674ea7; font-size: x-large;">Absent Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Respiration in which respiratory sounds are suppressed or absent.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #7f6000; font-size: x-large;">Accelerated Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Tachypnea.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #741b47; font-size: x-large;">Aerobic Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Cellular respiration in which oxygen is used in the production of energy.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;">Amphoric Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Respiration having amphoric resonance. </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: amphoric resonance.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #660000; font-size: x-large;">Anaerobic Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">The release of energy from the reduction of metals (such as iron, manganese, or sulfur) by cells or organisms that do not use oxygen as their primary energy source.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #c27ba0; font-size: x-large;">Apneustic Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Breathing marked by prolonged inspiration unrelieved by attempts to exhale. It is seen in patients who have had the upper part of the pons of the brain removed or damaged.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #274e13; font-size: x-large;">Artificial Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Maintenance of respiratory movement by artificial means, such as rescue breathing, bag mask, pocket mask, automatic transport ventilator, manual transport ventilator, or a flow-restricted oxygen-powered ventilation device. </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: cardiopulmonary resuscitation</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #660000; font-size: x-large;">Biot Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Biot breathing.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #134f5c; font-size: x-large;">Bouchut Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Bouchut respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #e69138; font-size: x-large;">Cell Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">The gradual breakdown of food molecules in the presence of oxygen within cells, resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide and water and the release of energy in the forms of adenosine triphosphate and heat. In many intermediary reactions, substances other than oxygen act as oxidizing agents (hydrogen or electron acceptors). Reactions are catalyzed by respiratory enzymes, which include the flavoproteins, cytochromes, and other enzymes. Certain vitamins (nicotinamide, riboflavin, thiamine, pyridoxine, and pantothenic acid) are essential in the formation of components of various intracellular enzyme systems.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #990000; font-size: x-large;">Cheyne-Stokes Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Cheyne-Stokes respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #674ea7; font-size: x-large;">Cogwheel Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Interrupted respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #274e13; font-size: x-large;">Costal Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Respiration in which the chest cavity expands by raising the ribs.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;">Cutaneous Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">The transpiration of gases through the skin.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #351c75; font-size: x-large;">Decreased Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Respiration at less than a normal rate for the individual's age. In adults, it is a respiratory rate of less than 12 breaths per minute. Slower than normal respiratory rates occur after opiate or sedative use, during sleep, in coma, and other conditions and may result in respiratory failure or carbon dioxide retention.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SYN: SEE: slow respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #38761d; font-size: x-large;">Diaphragmatic Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Abdominal respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #674ea7; font-size: x-large;">Direct Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Respiration in which an organism, such as a one-celled ameba, secures its oxygen and gives up carbon dioxide directly to the surrounding medium.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #4c1130; font-size: x-large;">Electrophrenic Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Radiofrequency electrophrenic respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #660000; font-size: x-large;">External Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">The exchange of gases in the lungs. Oxygen diffuses from the air to the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the air.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #a2c4c9; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #990000; font-size: x-large;">Fetal Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Gas exchange in the placenta between the fetal and maternal blood. </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SYN: SEE: placental respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #38761d; font-size: x-large;">Forced Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Voluntary hyperpnea.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #274e13; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #274e13; font-size: x-large;">Internal Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">The exchange of gases in body tissues. Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the cells, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells to the blood. Oxygen is carried in combination with hemoglobin. Oxyhemoglobin gives arterial blood its red color; reduced hemoglobin gives venous blood its dark red color. Most carbon dioxide is carried in the blood as bicarbonate ions; a small amount is bonded to hemoglobin. Normally the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood is 75 to 100 mm Hg, depending on age; for carbon dioxide it is 35 to 45 mm Hg.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SYN: SEE: tissue respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: magenta; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;">Interrupted Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Respiration in which inspiratory or expiratory sounds are not continuous. </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SYN: SEE: cogwheel respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;">Intrauterine Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Respiration by the fetus before birth. </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: fetal respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #674ea7; font-size: x-large;">Kussmaul respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Kussmaul, Adolph</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #351c75; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #351c75; font-size: x-large;">Labored Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Respiration that involves active participation of accessory inspiratory and expiratory muscles; dyspnea.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: orange; font-size: x-large;">Mitochondrial Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">The stages of cell respiration (citric acid cycle and cytochrome transport system) that take place in the mitochondria. Water is formed from oxygen and hydrogen ions, and energy is released.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: cell respiration</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #660000; font-size: x-large;">Paradoxical Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">1. Respiration occurring in patients with chest trauma and multiple rib fractures in which a portion of the chest wall sinks inward with each spontaneous inspiratory effort. </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">2. A condition seen in paralysis of the diaphragm in which the diaphragm ascends during inspiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: lime; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: lime; font-size: x-large;">Periodic Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Periodic breathing.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #134f5c; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #134f5c; font-size: x-large;">Placental Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Fetal respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #073763; font-size: x-large;">Radiofrequency Electrophrenic Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">A method of stimulating respiration in cases of respiratory paralysis from spinal cord injury at the cervical level. Intermittent electrical stimuli to the phrenic nerves are supplied by a radiofrequency transmitter implanted subcutaneously. The diaphragmatic muscles contract in response to these stimuli.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #45818e; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #45818e; font-size: x-large;">Slow Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Decreased respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #674ea7; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #674ea7; font-size: x-large;">Stertorous Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Stertor.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #741b47; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #741b47; font-size: x-large;">Stridulous Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Respiration marked by high-pitched crowing or barking sound heard on inspiration, caused by an obstruction near the glottis or in the respiratory passageway.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #274e13; font-size: x-large;">Thoracic Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Respiration performed entirely by expansion of the chest when the abdomen does not move. It is seen when the peritoneum or diaphragm is inflamed, when the abdominal cavity is restricted by tight bandages or clothes, or during abdominal surgery.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">**</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #073763; font-size: large;"><b>Tissue Respiration:</b></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">SEE: Internal respiration.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b style="color: #cc0000; font-size: x-large;">Vicarious Respiration:</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Increased respiration in one lung when respiration in the other is lessened or abolished.</span></div> </div>

Respiration (res″pĭ-rā′shŏn ) 1. The interchange of gases between an organism and the medium in which it lives.  2. The act of b...

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